12 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
Spectrum of Glomerular ... Mechanism: • Injury ... • Breaks in GBM ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology ... nephritic #nephrotic #comparison
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
kidney injury (AKI ... and interstitial disease ... GBM, Glomerular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... #Sites #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... disease • ... • Pauci-immune disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... disease Renal ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... cell/white cell casts ... impairment), heart disease ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... (Dense deposit disease ... immune deposits on EM ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology