26 results
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Algorithms 1) Normal Glomerulus ... by LM 2) Glomerular ... Double Contours of GBM ... Kidney #Biopsy #renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
, renal, and post-renal ... Renal causes of ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... #Sites #Nephrology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
Spectrum of Glomerular ... • Breaks in GBM ... formation #Glomerular ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology ... nephritic #nephrotic #comparison
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria • Signs of glomerular ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Framework PRE-Renal ... Shunting INTRA-Renal ... • Vascular • Glomerular ... disease, Anti-GBM ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... Atherosclerosis Glomerular ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... RBC casts in urine ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified