8 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... pts under large stresses ... TX, stresses ↑ ... Polydipsia #dka ... pathophysiology #comparison
Comparison of Pathologic Breathing Patterns
Biot's respiration aka ataxic respiration:
 - Periodic breathing: hyperpnea (or normopnea) and
Comparison of Pathologic ... Biot's respiration aka ... - Hyperpnea K ... #Respiratory #pulmonary ... #diagnosis #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... transfusions), ↓insulin ... (DM, DKA, octreotide ... STOP offending medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... Medications 2.
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 ... parenteral -> Insulin ... - CHF - Pulmonary ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... Medications 2.
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... output - Acute pulmonary ... • Type B1: - Diabetes ... mellitus/DKA ... - HIV/HAART medications
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
- Allergies to medications ... Insulin dependent ... DM ACS NSQIP: ... Diabetes regimen ... stratification #diagnosis