5 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... pts under large stresses ... TX, stresses ↑ ... Polydipsia #dka ... pathophysiology #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... transfusions), ↓insulin ... (DM, DKA, octreotide ... STOP offending medications ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
- Allergies to medications ... Insulin dependent ... DM ACS NSQIP: ... ASA class If high ... Diabetes regimen