25 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Chronic Vision Loss ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Cotton wool spots ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
- Differential Diagnosis ... Abnormal Abdominal Ultrasound ... Smoking, Snoring Chronic ... Chest Symptoms ... Sleep Apnea • Chronic
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
thrombosis of short ... • Cephalic symptoms ... Constitutional symptoms ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
Overview: chronic, inflammatory symmetric polyarthritis involving small joints of hands/feet, knees, shoulders
Signs & Symptoms:
Summary Overview: chronic ... shoulders Signs & Symptoms ... narrowing) • Ultrasound ... Diagnosis: CLINICAL ... DIAGNOSIS based
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
bowel disease, Chronic ... diarrhoea, Short ... Copper #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
outlet obstruction, chronic ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... pneumoniae, proteus Diagnosis ... is needed for diagnosis ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
meningitis), MCC CNS symptoms ... ) Differential Diagnosis ... Recurrent and chronic ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... management #signs #symptoms
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Immunosuppressed host): • Chronic ... 85% • < 50% in chronic ... infection) • Chronic ... Inhalation of spores ... : • Acute or chronic