151 results
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the
Bile acids are the ... major primary bile ... acids synthesized ... secretion into bile ... Human liver synthesizes
Lipoprotein Metabolism

Enterocytes release absorbed lipids the form of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons. These are acted upon by endothelial
cholesterol to synthesize ... lipoproteins (VLDLs) and bile
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Biliary tree or bile ... abnormality vs bone Bili
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
disease US — Normal Bile ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile
Stool / Poop Color - What it may mean
 • Brown: In general, healthy stool is
largely due to bile ... As a result, bile ... clay-colored: A lack of bile ... may indicate a bile
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
ALP - Surface of bile ... - Cholestasis/Bile ... Unconjugated Bili ... > 90% of Total Bili
Liver Flukes on ERCP
Here are liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) extracted from the bile duct during ERCP
extracted from the bile ... , and into the bile ... Inside the bile
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
membrane (NOT within bile ... stimulated by bile ... bilirubin into bile
Pathways Involved in Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
Urea is synthesized