6 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinis", determined heating ... includes the complete analysis ... • Urinary casts ... with normal renal function ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Renal Failure → Dialysis ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... hypercalcemia #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... normal axis Non Functional ... Misalignment before casting ... • Premature cast ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... confirmed via genetic testing ... continued in most cases ... ; interpretation ... #differential #algorithm
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
derangements in function ... K+ in the ECF causes ... possibly requiring dialysis ... patients we are all treating ... #criticalcare #management
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
Epidemiology: 10 cases ... Achalasia: Testing ... gastroesophageal junction ... gastroesophageal junction ... Achalasia #diagnosis #management