10 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinis", determined heating ... includes the complete analysis ... • Urinary casts ... with normal renal function ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Renal Failure → Dialysis ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... hypercalcemia #Treatment ... #algorithm #management
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... moderate-to-severe cases ... ) • Pulmonary function ... mycobacteria Treatment
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... hypomagnesemia), Eating ... , nasogastric suction ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
present in 15% of cases ... Antimicrobial treatment ... /Edema • EBV analysis ... of serum CrAg testing ... comparable to CSF testing
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age • 22 and 45 cases ... skin that are caused ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... appear normal, but analysis ... : Goals: Treating
Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... normal axis Non Functional ... Misalignment before casting ... • Premature cast ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... confirmed via genetic testing ... continued in most cases ... ; interpretation ... #differential #algorithm
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
derangements in function ... K+ in the ECF causes ... possibly requiring dialysis ... patients we are all treating ... management #diagnosis #treatment
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
Epidemiology: 10 cases ... Achalasia: Testing ... Treatment: Laparoscopic ... Treatment options ... diagnosis #management #treatment