139 results
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid >4 • Urine ... Extra-renal losses • Urine ... acid >4 • Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Urine Na > 30
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... / Xanthine -> Uric ... Nephropathy (low urine ... nephropathy (high urine ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine ... sodium and serum uric ... acid: - Urine ... sodium low, uric ... hyponatremia - Urine
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... Crystals Uric Acid ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... independent of urine
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal Urine ... • Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
promotes Urea/uric ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Acid - Low Uric ... SIADH - High Uric
Uric Acid Crystals on Urine Microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#UricAcid #Crystals #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
Uric Acid Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... UricAcid #Crystals #Urine
Metabolic Pathways of Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: Adopted from chart originally published in Purple Urine Bag
Pathways of Purple Urine ... Bag Syndrome: Adopted ... published in Purple Urine ... Bag Syndrome: A ... #Bag #Syndrome
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes