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CAP, HCAP, HAP and VAP - Diagnosis and Treatment

HCAP & CAP – those presenting to the
CAP, HCAP, HAP and ... VAP - Diagnosis ... with pneumonia HAP ... & VAP – those that ... #HCAP #HAP #VAP
Pneumonia - Causative Organisms
 • CAP - Typical, Atypical, Endemic
 • Aspiration
 • Decreased Immunity
 •
Organisms • CAP ... • Hospital - HAP ... , VAP - CMC IM ... #microbiology #differential
Antibiotic Stewardship: Shorter is Better 
CAP 
HAP 
VAP 
Intra-abd 
Gram Neg Bacteremia 
AECB 
Cellulitis 
Osteo 
Septic
Shorter is Better CAP ... HAP VAP Intra-abd
Important Blood Pressure Targets in the ED
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: 
    SBP < 140 -
raised ICP: MAP ... raised ICP: MAP ... : Before TPA ... 24 hours after TPA ... raised ICP: MAP
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Metabolic Acidosis - Gap ... and Non-Gap - Differential ... Elevated Anion Gap ... • Normal Anion Gap ... NonGap #Nephrology #Differential
Heart Pressures - Reference Cheat Sheet
Formula Review Guide for Heart pressure American Society of Echocardiography
Atrial Pressure (RAP ... Atrial Pressure (LAP
Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes
Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes:
 • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Attenuated FAP (AFAP), MUTYH
Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP ... ), Attenuated FAP ... associated polyposis (MAP
Thrombotic Microangiopathy - TTP VS HUS

Big picture points : Often hard to differentiate the two entities,
Microangiopathy - TTP ... Often hard to differentiate ... implications : TTP ... confirmatory testing for TTP ... thrombocytopenic #purpura #TTP
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
• PH (mean PAP ... SPAP - dPAP) / RAP ... RAP/PCWP RATIO ... RESISTANCE = [(MAP ... - RAP) / CO] x
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... Have the patient tap ... Palpitations #Cardiology #Differential