8 results
The GFR Clock for Staging CKD

Staging CKD is most frequently done by calculating the estimated glomerular
The GFR Clock for ... Staging CKD Staging ... , CKD can be staged ... Using the GFR clock ... #CKD #EGFR #Staging
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Digoxin • K sparing ... - Hyperosmolar states ... infusions) - Metabolic
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • CKD • Poorly ... Digoxin • K sparing ... - Hyperosmolar states ... infusions) - Metabolic
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(GFR 20-50 ml/min ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... Optimize volume status ... to improve GFR ... sufficient if intact GFR
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
and necrosis in states ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... signal to reduce GFR ... - Decreased GFR
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... insipidus • Kidney stones