29 results
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone (GH ... /Symptoms: • GH ... deficiency: - Short ... expansion (e.g. carpal ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... GH excess prior ... • Other rare causes ... overgrowth: • Carpal ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
paresthesias (carpal ... decade → peripheral/acral ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... or refractory cases ... Endocrinology #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Scapholunate Dissociation
The spacing between all carpal bones should be 1-2 mm, look for the "Terry Thomas"
spacing between all carpal ... spacing between all carpal ... #Dissociation #TerryThomas ... Wrist #Scaphoid #Carpal ... #Orthopedics #Sports
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... cause quadriplegia ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - ... ) • Familial Short ... Constitutional Short ... Cushing's Disease • GH ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... K-ATPase which imports ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
with vascular causes ... findings BPPV • Short-lived ... positional episodes caused ... in semicircular canal ... test (posterior canal
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... following order; GH ... Headaches • Nausea ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology