12 results
Valvular vs Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation - Classification
Valvular:
 • Presence of moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis or artificial (mechanical)
vs Non-Valvular Atrial ... moderate-to-severe mitral ... mechanical) heart valve ... #NonValvular #Atrial ... Classification #diagnosis
Left Atrium enlargement
This is a patient with longstanding mitral valve disease and mitral valve replacement.
Extreme dilatation
Left Atrium enlargement ... valve disease and ... mitral valve replacement ... dilatation of the left atrium ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
(CVP) or right atrial ... diastole): lost in atrial ... to disorganized atrial ... obtained for LEFT atrial ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
The location of the cardiac valves is best determined on the lateral radiograph.
A line is drawn
tricuspid and mitral ... enlargement of the left atrium ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #CXR ... #Localization #Mitral
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cardiac: - Atrial ... thrombus - atrial ... from prosthetic valves ... Infected cardiac valves
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... right and left atria ... identify left atrial ... • Left atrial
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... Endocarditis • Mitral ... Regurgitation • Mitral
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... chordae Severe mitral ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Paroxysmal AF, atrial ... flutter, or atrial ... Arrhythmias: • Atrial ... • Multifocal atrial ... valve prolapse
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and Functional Mitral ... Causes of primary mitral ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... #Differential #Diagnosis