11 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Clarity Dipstick test ... • Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... (ATN) FE Na > 2% ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... up to 3x in the setting ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Cast formation: ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... the “Chewing gum test ... identifies 85 to 95% of cases ... Treatment of GCA
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
bronchial wall injury ... Most Common Causes ... Digital clubbing (2- ... moderate-to-severe cases ... mycobacteria Treatment
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
cases per million ... disorders • Testing ... diazepam • EMG testing ... others (botox, sodium ... #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
palpable purpura 2/ ... quantify renal injury ... anti-GBM) Other tests ... hematuria, RBC casts ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... Presentation: Injury ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... only if no clear cause ... : • Calcium 2- ... 10U reg IV + 1-2
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
Without treatment ... disappears in 2- ... soles in 50% of cases ... with positive testing ... have positive serology