26 results
Pemberton's Sign caused by a Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Elevating the arms causes the previously flat neck veins
a Retrosternal Thyroid ... superior vena cava syndrome ... #Retrosternal #Thyroid ... vascular #neck #mass ... #SVC #Syndrome
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
, Orbital apex syndrome ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... Multiple sclerosis, Thyroid ... , Orbital apex mass
Pathophysiology of Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis

C1q/anti-C1q antibiody ->
Immune Complex Formation - Complement Pathway Activation (C3a and C5a)
Pathophysiology ... Chemokines, Cytokines, Mast ... Vasculitis #HUV #Pathophysiology ... #Rheumatology
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies - 
Dermatomyositis (DM), Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy (IMNM), Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASS), Inclusion Body Myositis
Antisynthetase Syndrome ... (ASS), Inclusion ... Managment #algorithm #Rheumatology
Bilateral Lower Extremity Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Acute:
 • DVT *Can't Miss Diagnosis
 • Medication Side
• DVT *Can't Miss ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... Kidney Disease • Thyroid
Myositis Specific Antibodies (MSAs)

Dermatomyositis: MDA5, TIF1y, NXP2, Mi-2, SAE
Anti-Synthetase Syndrome: Jo-1, PL7, PL12, EJ, OJ
Immune Mediated
Specific Antibodies (MSAs ... Anti-Synthetase Syndrome ... Specific #Antibodies #MSAs ... clinical #diagnosis #rheumatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... : • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
blood flow from choroid ... reach retina from choroid ... retina cannot pass ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
activate macrophages, mast ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Allergy #Immunology #pathophysiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology