46 results
Causes of Scrotal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Painful - Sudden Onset
 • Testicular Torsion
 • Torsion
Causes of Scrotal ... - Differential Diagnosis ... TorsionTorsion ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Nystagmus: Usually torsional ... BPPV; horizontal-torsional ... with vascular causes ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #findings #signs
The whirlpool sign of acute testicular torsion. Always nice to clinch the diagnosis.

Dr. Howard T Heller
The whirlpool sign ... torsion. ... to clinch the diagnosis ... #torsion #testicular ... #scrotal #pocus
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... Aphasia, word-finding ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings ... Viral replication causes ... - Orchitis: Testicular ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Hydrocele: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Non-communicating:
 - Localized infection or trauma
 - Previous varicocelectomy or inguinal surgery
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings ... inguinal surgery - Testicular ... #Hydrocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Urology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
Pathogenesis and clinical findings ... retroperitoneal masses ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... within morulae Signs ... ), cough (30% cases ... ) Laboratory findings ... Anaplasma #Infection #diagnosis
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... to look like a scrotum ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and clinical findings ... share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms