12 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... glycol, Methanol, Salicylates ... Hypokalemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... starts by measuring urinary ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Aspirin - salicylate ... toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
Causes of Metabolic ... secretion • AKI/CKD Salicylate ... errors Ketosis • Diabetic ... MetabolicAcidosis #AnionGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Methanol A Aspirin (salicylates ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... associated hypoxia) - Salicylates ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... tubular acidosis • Anion ... metabolic acidosis: Diabetic ... acidosis, Chronic salicylate ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... acidosis • Chronic salicylate ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
- Acquired - Primary ... - Acquired - Primary ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... Classification #Types #Nephrology