11 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... , alcohol, starvation ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
Causes of Metabolic ... errors Ketosis • Diabetic ... • Starvation/alcoholic ... Ketosis Toxic alcohol ... MetabolicAcidosis #AnionGap #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... , Alcoholic, Starvation ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Anion gap? ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... Anion Gap Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Prolonged Emergence - Anesthesiology

Prolonged Drug Action:
• Overdose 
• Hypothermia (< 33 C) 
• Incr
Prolonged Drug Action ... interaction Metabolic ... hyperglycemia • HONK / diabetic ... • Sepsis • Alcohol ... Neurologic
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Moyamoya • Toxic: Alcohol ... , Medication, Recreational ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Diabetic ketoacidosis ... ketoacidosis • Alcoholic ... the indicated causes ... of anion gap metabolic ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... withdrawal from alcohol ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Signs #Symptoms #Comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology