17 results
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
• Myopathy (Also ... caused by hydroxychloroquine ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... / Symptoms / Complications ... bladder/bowel dysfunction ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
related to complications ... , such as frequent ... Sores, scars, calluses ... inducing vomiting #BulimiaNervosa ... #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
• Traumatic brain ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs ... volume, decreased bowel
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... limb ischemia, bowel ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... soon as serum < ... be used by the brain ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... occur in utero as ... • This is also ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... of all sizes, it ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... damaged BRB appears as ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications