21 results
Pacemaker Operating Modes
1 - Chamber paced
     A (atrium), V (ventricle), D (dual/both)
2
event T - Triggers ... sensed event (A triggered ... #Pacemaker #PPM ... Pacing #settings #cardiology ... #management
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
and pulmonary symptoms ... failure or alarm symptoms ... treatment/failure/symptom ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Disease #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... into serum • Triggers ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
"pass out" • Symptoms ... may be triggered ... spinning" • Symptoms ... Algorithm #dizzy #differential ... diagnosis #neurology #management
Temporary / External Pacing
 • Transvenous & epicardial pacing are temporary methods of supporting brady- &
is required to trigger ... nickmmark #pacemaker #PPM ... External #Pacing #cardiology ... #diagnosis #management
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
Mobitz I without symptoms ... #Indications #PPM ... #cardiology #management
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Pulse #Pressure #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... infiltration) Differential ... obgyn #diagnosis #management ... #pathophysiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
the study) • Triggers ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... initiation • Differential ... APML #diagnosis #management
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... improvement in symptoms ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology