23 results
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
and pulmonary symptoms ... failure or alarm symptoms ... treatment/failure/symptom ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Disease #diagnosis #management
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
environmental triggers ... old; F>M Signs/Symptoms ... - High serum CRP ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia - Illness Script

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Unknown trigger, reversible inflammatory/fibroproliferative process. Polypoid fibroblastic aggregates that plug
Illness Script PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ... : Unknown trigger ... • Symptoms: Cough ... TylerLarsenMD #COP ... Pneumonia #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... into serum • Triggers ... TLS #diagnosis #management
GERD and Recommended Lifestyle Modifications
 • Avoid fatty meals
 • Avoid carbonated beverages
 • Avoid citrus,
GERD and Recommended ... citrus, if it triggers ... symptoms • Eat ... left side #GERD ... Modifications #management
COPD Preferred Treatments - GOLD 2018 

COPD is a common progressive respiratory condition that can be
GOLD 2018 COPD ... Management of COPD ... is primarily done ... depending on their symptom ... #Treatment #Management
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
The underlying pathophysiology ... Can be triggered ... patients with co-existent ... Features #Signs #Symptoms