11 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
environmental triggers ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... - High serum CRP ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia - Illness Script

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Unknown trigger, reversible inflammatory/fibroproliferative process. Polypoid fibroblastic aggregates that plug
Illness Script PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ... : Unknown trigger ... Males=Females SIGNS ... /SYMPTOMS: • Acute ... Pneumonia #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... into serum • Triggers ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Usually ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
The underlying pathophysiology ... Can be triggered ... patients with co-existent ... Crisis #Features #Signs ... #Symptoms
Giant Cell Arteritis (Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Cranial Arteritis): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 - Morning Stiffness (>1
Muscle Aching (Primarily ... Elevated ESR and CRP ... CranialArteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... (3) primary lateral ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
Diagnosis and Management ... duodenum Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Classic ... Pathophysiology: ... • Primary AEF