22 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • G-CSF • Hypokalemic ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Adenoma, BAH, AME ... renin activity; AME ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Tumor lysis syndrome refers to the constellation of metabolic disturbances that occurs when large numbers of
Tumor lysis syndrome ... neoplastic cells are ... hyperuricemia, #hyperkalemia ... hyperphosphatemia, #hypocalcemia ... acutekidneyinjury #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Adenoma, BAH, AME ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
heart failure, neurologic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... hormonal excess or hypokalaemia ... Neurologic disorders