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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... • CT: Halo sign ... Legionella: • Nausea ... factor • May cause ... , pleural effusion
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
On the chest x-ray ... if this patient had ... weight loss or long ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram
Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow). 
POCUS: Dynamic air
Pneumonia on Chest ... Xray and POCUS ... (green arrows) and ... #CXR #Comparison ... #Clinical #Lung
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of interstitial lung ... Unknown • 6-7 cases ... - Imaging: • CXR ... Rare: pleural effusions ... lower lung zone
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
and Management ... • Most common cause ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... CT Lung Abscess
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura reflection) Pneumonia ... pleura in severe cases ... Possible bilateral effusion ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #POCUS #ultrasound
Cardiac incisura
Click image to enlarge.
On the right side of the chest the lung will lie against
pericardial fat or effusion ... This causes a density ... x-rays and should ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Lateral #
Split Pleura Sign on Chest CT
 • Contrast enhancement of the parietal and visceral pleura, separated
CT • Contrast ... of the parietal and ... #Pleura #Sign #CT ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #radiology
Septic emboli
Septic emboli usually present as multiple ill-defined nodules.
In about 50% cavitation is seen.
CT demonstrates more
CT demonstrates ... densities iin the left lung ... On the CT cavitation ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest #
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
responses of the lung ... indicates unknown cause ... pneumonia refers ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest