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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... • Pleuritic chest ... • CT: Halo sign ... : • Chest pain ... , pleural effusion
Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow). 
POCUS: Dynamic air
Pneumonia on Chest ... Xray and POCUS ... (green arrows) and ... #CXR #Comparison ... #Clinical #Lung
Main Lung Ultrasound differences between COVID-19 involvement and other conditions that may yield respiratory symptoms
 •
Main Lung Ultrasound ... 19 involvement and ... superimposed bacterial pneumonia ... areas #COVID19 #POCUS ... #Lung #Ultrasound
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Ultrasound Findings ... pleura reflection) Pneumonia ... Possible bilateral effusion ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #POCUS #ultrasound
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
On the chest x-ray ... if this patient had ... weight loss or long ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram
Split Pleura Sign on Chest CT
 • Contrast enhancement of the parietal and visceral pleura, separated
CT • Contrast ... of the parietal and ... #Pleura #Sign #CT ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #radiology
Septic emboli
Septic emboli usually present as multiple ill-defined nodules.
In about 50% cavitation is seen.
CT demonstrates more
CT demonstrates ... densities iin the left lung ... On the CT cavitation ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest #
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... infiltrate (e.g., CXR ... , CT, ultrasound ... pain) and signs ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Good example of 'shred sign' in a patient with fever, cough and shortness of breath. 

This
with fever, cough and ... This POCUS finding ... on CXR/CT imaging ... clinical #photo #ultrasound ... #lung #pulmonary
X-ray limitations
It’s important to know the limitations of X-rays so we can correctly interpret them in
clinical context, and ... Point Of Care UltraSound ... (POCUS) to CT or ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... ChestXRay #KUB #CXR