13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... deficiency: - Short ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... Elderly, Female (short ... - Indwelling urinary ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
elderly, female (short ... epithelium and causing symptoms ... Signs/Symptoms ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... back pain - Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... Residency @CMC_IM #Potts
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Endocrinology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
defect SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ... Signs and symptoms ... Progressive MS • Primary ... taper 3-7 days - Short ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
Diagnosis and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... Pathophysiology: ... • Primary AEF ... Management: SURGERY