70 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Bone/Joint Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Vaso-occlusive pain:
 • Mechanism: ischemic pain
 • Can present
Causes of Bone/Joint ... • Differentiate ... SickleCell #Disease #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
ALP) Elevation - Differential ... Intestine - Other causes ... Most common symptoms ... symptoms - Pain ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Platelet Disorders - Differential ... pylori test (GI symptoms ... candidate) - Bone ... Platelet #Disorders #Differential ... #Workup #hematology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Algorithm and Causes ... hyperplasia of bone ... Anemia #Algorithm #Differential ... #Causes #Workup ... #Hematology #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Vertigo - Differential ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Media • Temporal Bone ... Imbalance, neurologic symptoms
Causes of Leukocytosis and Leukopenia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Eosinophilia (AEC > 500, hypereosinophilia > 1500):
Causes of Leukocytosis ... and Leukopenia - Differential ... Drugs, Autoimmune, Bone ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #differential # ... calcium #high #endocrinology