71 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Alkaline Phosphatase ... Most common symptoms ... - Bone symptoms ... - Drugs - Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... • Elevation of urinary ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholestatic Liver Disease ... : Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis vs Primary ... Cholangitis #pathophysiology ... #pbc #psc #hepatology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... resorption: • Primary ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... Milk (calcium)-alkali
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Tumours - See Bone ... Scheme Paget's Disease ... Pelvis - Positive Alkaline ... Phosphate Deficiency Primary ... • Bone Marrow
Manifestations of IgG4-related disease by organ system.
 The most common primary disease features are indicated in
of IgG4-related disease ... The most common primary ... disease features ... Systems #Diagnosis #Hematology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... PBC Labs: • Alkaline ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline ... CAST) • ALT: primarily ... within liver Alkaline ... Other locations: bone ... #Pathophysiology