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diagnosis differential algorithm potassium hyperkalemia hyponatremia alkalosis pathophysiology syndrome treatment acidosis high nongap pediatrics pharmacology workup classification crrt gitelman hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... intake • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
• Increased renal ... blood flow • ... Tubular damage ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... #nephrology #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... tubular cells - ... Acute tubular injury ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
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