76 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Osteoarthritis - Overuse syndrome ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... - Giant cell tumor ... #causes #differential
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Diagnosis and Causes ... Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... diagnosis: Ischernic cause ... #cardiology #MRI
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #cardiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Doppler ultrasound; MRA ... ) or IV saline infusion ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... PRIMARY Cardiac tumors ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
marantic endocarditis/tumors ... prolapse (Marfan syndrome ... , Ehler-Danlos syndrome ... hypereosinophilic syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... Costochondritis - Tietze syndrome ... • Pleura: - Effusion ... #Cardiology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Excessive IV Mg infusion ... Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Magnesium #Table #Causes
Adnexal Masses - Benign vs Malignant Features on Ultrasound and MRI
Benign Features: 
B1- Unilocular 
B2- Presence
Adnexal Masses - ... Ultrasound and MRI ... Irregular solid tumor ... malignant #ultrasound #MRI ... #radiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
to growth plate fusion ... • Other rare causes ... GHRH hypothalamic tumors ... neuroendocrine tumors ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome