29 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... of HHS/DKA: Both ... (dry MM, skin turgor ... , N/V, diffuse abdominal
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Causes of Dyspnea ... ILD, Sarcoid, Tumor ... , Intra-abdominal ... monoxide poisoning, DKA ... #Chronic #Causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... resting HR) • Abdominal
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
Pain Causes - Differential ... potentially be an acute ... changes • Urinary symptoms ... Recurrent: Consider tumor ... aneurysms • Acute
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... presents with acute ... and related symptoms ... present with either acute ... percussion • Nausea
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... by serositis • Acute ... - May involve symptoms ... incisional hernias: clinical ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Anti-GBM, Anti-ds-DNA ... renal biopsy • Abdominal
Typical Clinical Features of DKA:
 - 
Acetone breath 
 - Tachycardia 
 - Soft Bp
Typical Clinical ... Features of DKA ... respirations - Nausea ... /vomifing - Abdominal ... #Symptoms #Signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Is visual loss caused ... Definition: acute ... the optic nerve caused ... Clinical manifestations ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... • Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology