30 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... (dry MM, skin turgor ... , N/V, diffuse abdominal
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms ... and Pathophysiology ... postprandial fullness, abdominal ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology ... gastroenterology #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
allele of RB1 tumor ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
Pain Causes - Differential ... changes • Urinary symptoms ... Recurrent: Consider tumor ... Consider cardiac causes ... genitourinary causes
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
presents with acute abdominal ... pain and related symptoms ... acute or chronic abdominal ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... • Aneurysm • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... Erythropoietin Secreting Tumor ... 90%, Abnormal Abdominal ... Chronic Chest Symptoms ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
• Pituitary turnors ... For pituitary masses ... the pituitary tumor ... Signs / Symptoms ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but potentially serious adverse reaction that has been
Symptoms of VITT ... discoloration, abdominal ... The exact cause ... antibodies which cause ... thrombocytopenia #COVID #pathophysiology