53 results
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... Inflammation • Orbital Tumor ... • Aneurysm • Tumor ... #Ophthalmology
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... of Diplopia TIER ... URGENT: Brainstem tumor ... Orbital apex mass #Diplopia ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
• Pituitary turnors ... the pituitary tumor ... ) as secreting tumors ... Signs / Symptoms ... Hydrocephalus • Diplopia
Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anterior Mediastinal Mass - 5T’s
 • Thymic neoplasm
 • Teratoma (or
other germ cell tumor ... Bronchogenic cyst/Tumor ... • Bronchogenic tumor ... • Neurogenic tumor ... Mediastinal Mass Symptoms
Bilateral Acute Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Complete/ Partial Homonymous Hemianopia
 • Infarct
 • Intracranial Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
osteomyelitis • Tumor ... • Pharyngeal tumor ... degeneration: • Tumor ... aneurysm, Pott puffy tumor ... salivary gland tumor
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
• Optic Nerve Tumor ... Syndrome): • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
allele of RB1 tumor ... allele of RB1 tumor ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... constitutional symptoms ... • Fracture • Tumor ... Unresolved Radicular Symptoms ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis vs Tumor ... high WBC count cause ... /- rasburicase Tumor ... rate or large tumor ... #Leukostasis #Tumor