19 results
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Insufficiency - Differential ... Workup Algorithm Primary ... • Autoimmune primary ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Testicular Mass on Ultrasound
 • Adrenal Neoplasm
 • Increased Extraglomerular Aromatase
Gynecomastia - Differential ... Testicular Mass on Ultrasound ... Testicular Mass on Ultrasound ... #Gynecomastia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... • Bronchogenic Tumor ... + High TSH • Primary ... Breast #Discharge #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Syndrome • Turner ... Deprivation • Primary ... #ShortStature #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... frequency, urinary ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
• Pituitary turnors ... the pituitary tumor ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... bile ducts Differential ... malignancy #Primary
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary