71 results
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Adie's Pupil What ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... dissociation • Other causes ... trauma/orbital tumor ... PhysicalExam #neurology #ophthalmology
Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
It is caused by ... infection which causes ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #video #ophthalmology ... #neurology #syndrome
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
closure glaucoma, Adie's ... response, Serotonin syndrome ... Miosis: Horner's syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... Diplopia TIER 1-CRITICAL ... , Orbital apex syndrome ... URGENT: Brainstem tumor ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
pilocarpine • Tonic (Adie's ... • Trauma • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Adie’s Tonic Pupil on Physical Exam

A young female was referred in for a sudden onset anisocoria.
Adie’s Tonic Pupil ... Adie’s tonic pupil ... Clinical confirmation ... Pupil #anisocoria #clinical ... #video #ophthalmology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... Brain Injury, Tumor
Horner's Syndrome: Loss of sympathetic nervous system input to (in this case) right eye. 
Note that
Horner's Syndrome ... was due to tumor ... UCSD Catalog of Clinical ... Images #Clinical ... #Ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
• Optic Nerve Tumor ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... ): • Tumor • ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology