160 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... Pineal region tumors ... → "setting sun sign ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renin secreting tumor ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
nephropathy • Solid tumors ... Capillary leak syndrome ... Interleukin-2) • Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Classification #Nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis vs Tumor ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... /- rasburicase Tumor ... rate or large tumor ... #Leukostasis #Tumor
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Testicular Mass on Ultrasound
 • Adrenal Neoplasm
 • Increased Extraglomerular Aromatase
• Leydig Cell Tumor ... • Sertoli Cell Tumor ... Klinefelter's Syndrome ... • Kallman's Syndrome ... Prolactin • Non-Tumor
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
, Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... Pineal region tumors ... "setting sun" sign ... #neurology #diagnosis
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Hyperthecosis • Tumor ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Tumor Low Serum ... Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness with Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radiculopathy:
 • Disc
 • Spondylosis
 •
Spondylosis • Tumor ... • Trauma • Tumor ... • Diabetes • Tumor ... Weakness #Sensory #Neurology