60 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
Diagram of different types ... of bone tumors ... ) • Enostosis/bone ... docskalski #Knee #Bone ... Tumors #Diagnosis #Bony
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
Diagram of different types ... of bone tumors ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential # ... Radiology #XRay #MSK
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Tumours - See Bone ... Phosphate Deficiency Primary ... • Bone Marrow ... Malignancy • Drugs (e.g ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
Hemivertebra Scheuermann Disease ... Neurofibromatosis Type ... Sclerotic Mets Bone ... Abnormalities #Radiology #MSK ... #differential
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Pathophsiology ... Neurological involvement (type ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
ALP) Elevation - Differential ... stimulation (placenta/Bone ... - Highest • Bone ... - Bone symptoms ... - Drugs - Primary
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Hypercalcemia #Differential