397 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium ... Fractional excretion of Sodium ... = Sodium. ... < 1% Urine sodium ... > 2% Urine sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
+K / serum Na >1 ... or Ineffective (UNa ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... solute intake, UNa ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
pain, primary lung ... patients to maintain long-term ... • With lower Na ... promoting passive sodium ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... FENa) = (Urine Na ... Serum Cr) / (Serum Na ... Fractional #Excretion #Sodium
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
POCUS Young ... POCUS lung exam ... pulm edema not PNA ... Lung POCUS shows ... Lung POCUS invaluable
Hydropneumothorax on Lung POCUS

HIV/AID(CD4<250) with cough, dyspnea.Left lung anterior mid. Left lung. Findings consistent with PNA.
POCUS HIV/AID ... , dyspnea.Left lung ... Left lung. ... consistent with PNA ... effusion #bubbles #POCUS
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
- RAAS ON (UNa ... - RAAS OFF (UNa ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
How much sodium ... saline = 0.9% sodium ... meq/L) x (23 mg Na ... meq) = 3,542 mg Na ... about as much sodium
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Pain, Primary lung ... using this as a long-term ... • With lower Na ... promoting passive sodium ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers
Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications, Side Effects
la - Quinidine, Procainamide
lb - Lidocaine, Mexiletine
Ic -
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium ... Antiarrhythmics #Sodium ... Blockers #ClassI #Na