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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm hyponatremia management sodium causes hypernatremia workup treatment polyuria table comparison crystalloids diabetes hypotonic insipidus lr siadh
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm Not the "classic" Volume based approach. #Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Differential #Nephrology #UOsm ... #Osmolality
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Diuresis Urine Osmolality ... > Serum Osmolality ... Loss - DDAVP -> Uosm ... Insipidus - DDAVP -> Uosm
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Measuring the serum osmolality ... concentration and urine osmolality ... fall in serum osmolality ... If Posm >285 mOsm ... (Uosm).
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base ) General Concepts > < Osmolality vs osmolarity ★ Osmolality [H 20) Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
vs osmolarity ... the number of (mOsm ... mole of salt is 1 Osm ... of Na +1 Osm of ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ... ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent ... Cortisol deficiency UOsm ... < POsm - Vasopressin-independent
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
24 hours Urine osmolality ... /18 HIGH urine osmolality ... > 300 mosm/kg ... Azotemia LOW urine osmolality ... < 100 mosm/kg
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diuresis (Urine Osm ... <100 mOsm/kg) ... Diuresis (Urine Osm ... 100-200 mOsm/kg ... 300-500 mOsm/kg
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg) Assess Volume Status,
135 meq/L, serum Osm ... < 275 mosm/kg) ... Urine Na, Urine Osm
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity. High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
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 Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated Step 2:
Consider whether Posm ... Step 2: Check Uosm
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