9 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
(DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... ) pH > 7.3 3) AG
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
(DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... ) pH > 7.3 3) AG
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... cases occur in ... Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... with anorexia, vomiting ... vomiting, abdominal
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... osmotic diuresis & vomiting ... out of cells may cause ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... , vomiting (Incr
Typical Clinical Features of DKA:
 - 
Acetone breath 
 - Tachycardia 
 - Soft Bp
respirations - Nausea ... /vomifing - Abdominal ... pain - Polyuria ... #Diagnosis # ... Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... failure (uremia) K Ketoacidosis ... Alkalosis: - Vomiting ... #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... Glucosuria causes ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... • Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... ↓insulin (DM, DKA ... (Assess GFR), ±VBG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology