21 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Glitter Cells on Urine Microscopy
Glitter cells in the urine are viable and pale staining WBCs with
Glitter Cells on Urine ... Microscopy Glitter ... depends on the low ... #Microscopy #clinical ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... #low
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Brown” Casts on Urine ... Microscopy A. ... appreciated at low ... #Microscopy #Clinical ... #Nephrology #Sediment
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... dipstick, urine ... microscopy / urinary ... investigations depending on clinical ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Lytes: UNa < 20 ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm