19 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
Syndrome - Nephritic ... Syndrome Dr. ... - Strong Medicine ... AKI #Urinalysis #diagnosis ... table #comparison #nephrology
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization

Anterior Circulation 
 - MCA 
 -
#Syndromes #CVA ... Territory #Symptoms #Signs ... Localization #Effects #Neurology ... #Diagnosis #Table ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... → "setting sun sign ... Vascular disease (stroke ... #diagnosis #pineal ... #neurology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome - ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome • Urine ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... Vascular disease (stroke ... #neurology #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
- Differential Diagnosis ... CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic ... syndrome) Euvolemic ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... liver failure • nephrotic ... syndrome • renal ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... Acute interstitial nephritis ... - Strong Medicine ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... clinical context and signs ... • Interstitial nephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes