31 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... suspected, immediate MRI ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Management Summary ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: - MRI
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
pattern of spread, B symptoms ... Responsive to Treatment ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Management Summary ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... are not caused ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... cord compression (MRI ... /or symptoms • ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... Myelitis #diagnosis #management
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Management Summary ... neuropsychiatric symptoms ... rule out other causes ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Management
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Neuritis - Diagnosis and ... Management • ... caucasian • Symptoms ... R-G or B-Y • MRI ... - Typical MS-like
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Signs and symptoms ... resonance imaging [MRI ... Multiple Sclerosis Treatment ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #treatment