19 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: MRI ... : • Increased CSF ... Treatment: • HAART ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... - IV Iron: • Several ... iron #deficiency #CHF
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused ... CNS #Infections #differential
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... axonal form • MRI ... #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... brain and/or optic ... simplex virus, HIV ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... #differential
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... treatment can prevent ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... • Treatment of
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... approach to the differential ... through a peripheral IV ... include vaptans (HF ... #management #nephrology
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Pachymeningitis is a rare condition that causes areas of a layer
Pachymeningitis - Differential ... condition that causes ... brain (dura mater ... thickening can cause ... Pachymeningitis #HP #Neurology