402 results
Dilated Abdominal Veins and Caput Medusae - Direction of Blood Flow

Vein Milking technique can be used
Normal veins: Umbilicus ... respecting the umbilical ... • IVC Obstruction ... • SVC Obstruction ... : - If obstruction
Chronic SVC Stenosis with Caudal Blood Flow of Dilated Abdominal Veins

60 y/o hx of seizures &
site of venous obstruction ... and below the umbilicus ... AWAY from the umbilicus ... - SVC & IVC obstructions ... - IVC obstruction
Shock - Findings, Signs and Symptoms by Classification
 - Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Distributive (Vasodilation)
contractility) - Obstructive ... (Mechanical obstruction ... to blood flow) ... DrEricStrong #Shock #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Retention: Internal obstruction ... , External obstruction ... Kidney #Injury #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... volume, Urinary obstruction ... to assess for obstruction ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium