43 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
subthreshold mechanical loading ... from continued loading ... StressFractures #msk
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Shift - decreased unloading ... Shift - increased unloading ... #Differential #Causes
Differentiation of Causes of Hyperthyroidism According to Pattern of Radionucleotide Uptake
Reduced uptake:
 • Thyroiditis
 • Exogenous
Differentiation of Causes ... thyroxine • Iodine loading
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Water and solute loading ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
-> Mechanical loading ... complications #msk
Achilles Tendon Tear on POCUS (Labeled)

A 35yo male presents with ankle pain. Achilles tendon tear is
Tendon Tear on POCUS ... tear is seen on POCUS ... Usually caused by ... activities (eccentric loading ... clinical #ultrasound #msk
Talus Fracture on POCUS
Athlete with hard landing on one foot, pain and tenderness over dorsum of
Talus Fracture on POCUS ... Athlete with hard landing ... POCUS showed talus ... Talus #Fracture #POCUS ... clinical #ultrasound #MSK
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... Tests to evaluate cause ... Oral sodium loading ... agent Uncommon causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... facilitates oxygen unloading ... ⁻ increase may cause ... ⁻ decrease may cause
Intraoperative Circulatory Embolus - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Causes: thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, air/gas.
Signs: hypotension, tachycardia,
Guidelines for Crises ... in Anaesthesia Causes ... air • Volume loading ... Guidelines for crises