12 results
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
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< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
vs osmolarity ... the number of (mOsm ... mole of salt is 1 Osm ... of Na +1 Osm of ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm

Not the "classic" Volume based approach. 

#Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Differential #Nephrology #UOsm ... #Osmolality
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
body water in comparison ... Measuring the serum osmolality ... fall in serum osmolality ... If Posm >285 mOsm ... (Uosm).
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
24 hours Urine osmolality ... /18 HIGH urine osmolality ... > 300 mosm/kg ... Azotemia LOW urine osmolality ... < 100 mosm/kg
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Diuresis Urine Osmolality ... > Serum Osmolality ... Loss - DDAVP -> Uosm ... Insipidus - DDAVP -> Uosm
Heat Emergencies

Features of Minor Heat Illness vs Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke and Management
#Diagnosis #Management #Heat
Heat Emergencies ... Stroke #Exhaustion #Comparison
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
hyperglycemic emergencies ... #DKA #HHS #comparison ... endocrinology #comparison
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
1) Check Urine Osmolality ... : > 600 mOsm/kg ... mechanism ≤ 600 mOsm
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
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IV Fluids - Comparison ... Fluid - pH - Osm ... #Fluids #IVF #Comparison
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison