6 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... Spots Stage 4: Malignant ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
trauma, sepsis, malignancy ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treatment: • Treat ... primary cause ... #treatment #management
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... Infiltration: Often breast ... Biliary stone, Malignancy ... RBC (hemolysis, bleeding
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... • Large volume feeding ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... • Diminished breath ... polyangiitis) • Malignancy
Gastroenterology Endoscopy Tools and Accessories - A Visual Catalog for Trainees and Young Gastroenterologists
Biopsy Forceps:
large surface areas ... mucosa Stricture Management ... energy or heat to cause ... and detection of malignant ... pictures as it passes