16 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Deprivational - Obstruction of Visual Axis:
 • Ptosis
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemangioma • Retinal ... Strabismic - Abnormal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTH (High or normal ... renal, Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Pediatric Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Stridor:
 • Croup
 • Foreign Body
 • Tracheitis
 • Epiglottitis
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pneumothorax Normal ... Breath Sounds: ... Heart Disease • Diabetic ... #Causes #Peds #
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Degeneration (Wet, Dry) Retina ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... to be falsely normal ... tachycardia, Incr resting ... breathing) • Ketone breath ... endocrinology #diabetes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... inflammation of the retina ... , uveae, plexus, ... Diabetic nephropathy ... Nephrocalcinosis causes