8 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... neovascularization in the disc ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... dysfunction (16%) • Shock ... • Severe Liver ... Treatment: • Treat ... primary cause
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... Hypotension • Shock ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #Causes
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... Hepatic artery: Shock ... VZV • Trauma: Shock ... Infiltration: Often breast
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #differential #causes
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #differential #causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
on the skin • Areas ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... cardiomyopathy, ARDS, DIC ... coagulopathy - Possible DIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes